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Big dogs wear their joints out faster. More bodyweight bears down on every hip, knee and elbow, large breeds often finish growing later, and giant breeds like Great Danes and Mastiffs can show arthritis while they're still young. If you own a big dog, joint support is less optional than it is for a whippet.
The single biggest thing to get right is dose. Most supplement scoops are set for a medium dog, so a 40kg-plus breed needs proportionally more to reach a level that does anything.
The trials behind glucosamine use a dose scaled to bodyweight. A big dog getting a one-size scoop is quietly under-dosed, which is why so many owners of large breeds conclude that supplements don't work when really they were never giving enough. Read the label for the giant-breed dosing, not the default.
Green-lipped mussel earns its place here too. The extra omega-3s help with the inflammation that comes with heavier, harder-working joints, and it's gentle enough for daily lifelong use.

The default for a reason. Strong green-lipped mussel dose and the widest trial record. Chews most dogs take as a treat.
Check Price on Amazon →Tablets declaring 334mg glucosamine and 150mg chondroitin each, plus MSM and collagen, at one large tablet per 10kg a day. The cheapest declared-dose option here at £14.99–£29.99. (Do not buy Mobile Bones for this job — it declares glucosamine at 1.4% of a powder — and Bionic Biotic is a gut supplement with no joint actives at all.)
Check Price on Amazon →Higher dose, aimed at dogs already stiff rather than early prevention. The one to reach for when the damage is done.
Check Price on Amazon →A vet-counter staple. Tightly dosed and easy to give over food.
Check Price on Amazon →For a large-breed puppy, don't overdo joint supplements or calories. Growing too fast is itself a risk factor for joint problems in big breeds. Talk to your vet about appropriate growth, then bring joint support in as they mature.

A properly dosed, high green-lipped mussel product like YuMOVE Joint Care or Riaflex Joint Plus, given at the large-breed dose. The dose matters more than the brand.
Yes. The effective dose scales with bodyweight, so a giant breed can need several times what a small dog needs. Under-dosing is the usual reason a supplement seems to do nothing.
Once they've finished growing, often around 12 to 18 months for giant breeds, or sooner if a vet advises it. Early support suits breeds with a known arthritis risk.